Original papers, including review articles and short reports, in journals http://http://dspace.icddrb.org:80/jspui/handle/123456789/177 2026-04-10T09:07:16Z 2026-04-10T09:07:16Z Molla, A Lonnroth, I, Jahan, F, Bardhan, PK Molla, AM Holmgren, J. http://http://dspace.icddrb.org:80/jspui/handle/123456789/5864 2015-10-20T06:35:24Z 1985-12-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Stool cyclic AMP in diarrhoea due to different causative organisms Authors: Molla, A; Lonnroth, I,; Jahan, F,; Bardhan, PK; Molla, AM; Holmgren, J.

1985-12-01T00:00:00Z Ahmed, Faruque Clemens, John D. Rao, Malla R. Sack, David A. Khan, M. R. Haque, Emdadul http://http://dspace.icddrb.org:80/jspui/handle/123456789/5855 2015-10-20T06:39:14Z 1992-09-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Community-based evaluation of the effect of breast-feeding on the risk of microbiologically confirmed or clinically presumptive shigellosis in Bangladeshi children Authors: Ahmed, Faruque; Clemens, John D.; Rao, Malla R.; Sack, David A.; Khan, M. R.; Haque, Emdadul Abstract: To assess the association between breast-feeding and the risk of microbiologically confirmed or clinically presumptive shigellosis, the authors performed a case-control analysis of Bangladeshi children younger than 3 years of age who were followed up for 1 month after exposure to Shigella in their residential neighborhoods. Two hundred sixty-nine cases with culture-confirmed shigellosis (n = 119) or clinically presumptive shigellosis (culture-negative dysentery, n = 150) were compared with 819 controls without Shigella diarrhea or other invasive diarrheal illnesses. The odds ratio relating breast-feeding to confirmed or presumptive shigellosis, adjusted for potentially confounding variables, was 0.48 (95% confidence interval = 0.32 to 0.72; P less than .001), suggesting a substantial protective effect. The protective association decreased with age but was still significant during the third year of life; appeared to be directly related to the degree of stunting; and was equivalent for confirmed and presumptive shigellosis. Notably, the protective association remained substantial against episodes due to Shigella which were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics customarily used for treatment of Shigella diarrhea (age-adjusted odds ratio = 0.40; 95% confidence interval = 0.22 to 0.74; P less than .01). These data suggest that breast-feeding confers a high level of protection against shigellosis throughout the first 3 years of life, especially among nutritionally compromised children, and thereby underscore the importance of promotion of breast-feeding as a central component of Shigella control programs in less developed settings.

1992-09-01T00:00:00Z Osendarp, Saskia J.M. West, Clive E. Black, Robert E. Maternal Zinc Supplementation Study Group http://http://dspace.icddrb.org:80/jspui/handle/123456789/5851 2015-10-31T07:41:00Z 2003-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: The need for maternal zinc supplementation in developing countries: an unresolved issue Authors: Osendarp, Saskia J.M.; West, Clive E.; Black, Robert E.; Maternal Zinc Supplementation Study Group Abstract: Maternal zinc deficiency during pregnancy has been related to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Most studies in which pregnant women have been supplemented with zinc to examine effects on pregnancy outcome have been carried out in industrialized countries and the results have been inconclusive. This review discusses preliminary findings of eight randomized, controlled intervention trials performed recently in less-developed countries. It is based on evidence presented by investigators and discussed during a workshop held in Wageningen, The Netherlands in June 2001. Preliminary findings from these studies indicate maternal zinc supplementation has a beneficial effect on neonatal immune status, early neonatal morbidity and infant infections. With respect to labor and delivery complications, gestational age at birth, maternal zinc status and health and fetal neurobehavioral development, evidence is conflicting and more research is required. Data currently available do not support the hypothesis that maternal zinc supplementation promotes intrauterine growth. Thus despite the emerging evidence for a positive effect of zinc on some outcomes of pregnancy, the workshop concluded that the full results of studies carried out need to be known and that more research is required to determine the benefits of large-scale introduction of zinc supplementation of pregnant women in less-developed countries

2003-01-01T00:00:00Z Faruque, Shah M. Mekalanos, John J. http://http://dspace.icddrb.org:80/jspui/handle/123456789/5850 2015-06-16T07:58:07Z 2003-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Pathogenicity islands and phages in Vibrio cholerae evolution Authors: Faruque, Shah M.; Mekalanos, John J. Abstract: The identification of accessory genetic elements (plasmids, phages and chromosomal 'pathogenicity islands') encoding virulence-associated genes has facilitated our efforts to understand the origination of pathogenic microorganisms. Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae, the etiologic agent of cholera, represents a paradigm for this process in that this organism evolved from environmental nonpathogenic V. cholerae by acquisition of virulence genes. The major virulence genes in V. cholerae, which are clustered in several chromosomal regions, appear to have been recently acquired from phages or through undefined horizontal gene transfer events. Evidence is accumulating that the interactions of phages with each other can also influence the emergence of pathogenic clones of V. cholerae. Therefore, to track the evolution of pathogens from their nonpathogenic progenitors, it is also crucial to identify and characterize secondary genetic elements that mediate lateral transfer of virulence genes in trans. Understanding the evolutionary events that lead to the emergence of pathogenic clones might provide new approaches to the control of cholera and other infectious diseases

2003-01-01T00:00:00Z